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Naps
SelfDecode uses the only scientifically validated genetic prediction technology for consumers. Read more
rs1229984
Chromosome
: 4 , Position: 99318162
Most conditions are affected by anywhere from hundreds to millions of
genetic variants (SNPs). A single SNP usually has a minor contribution to
a person’s overall genetic risk for a certain condition. That is why you
shouldn't consider or act on a SNP in isolation. Instead, we use SNPs to
determine polygenic risk scores (PRSs), which are the basis of most health
reports.
Reference Allele: T
Alternative Alleles:
C
Traits
| Trait | Variant | Impact | PMID | Author (year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use disorder | C |
|
Nat Neurosci | Zhou H (2020) |
| Problematic alcohol use | C |
|
Nat Neurosci | Zhou H (2020) |
| Alcohol consumption (heavy vs. light/non-drinkers) | C |
|
Sci Adv | Thompson A (2020) |
| Sodium in urine | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Weight | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Waist circumference | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Whole body fat mass | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol use disorder (consumption score) [AA] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Kranzler HR (2019) |
| Maximum habitual alcohol consumption [EA] | C |
|
Biol Psychiatry | Gelernter J (2019) |
| Alcohol use disorder (consumption score) [Latino] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Kranzler HR (2019) |
| Alcohol use disorder (consumption score) [EA] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Kranzler HR (2019) |
| Arm fat percentage (left) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Leg fat percentage (right) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Body fat percentage | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol intake frequency. | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Leg fat percentage (left) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Ankle spacing width | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Problematic alcohol use (MTAG) | C |
|
Nat Neurosci | Zhou H (2020) |
| Trunk fat mass | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Mean corpuscular volume | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Body mass index (bmi) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Frequency of drinking alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Frequency of consuming six or more units of alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks per week) [EA] | C |
|
Mol Psychiatry | Jorgenson E (2017) |
| Amount of alcohol drunk on a typical drinking day | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks per week) (MTAG) | C |
|
Nat Neurosci | Zhou H (2020) |
| Alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Mean corpuscular haemoglobin | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Risk-taking tendency (4-domain principal component model) | C |
|
Nat Genet | Karlsson Linner R (2019) |
| Leg fat mass (right) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Bitter alcoholic beverage consumption | C |
|
Hum Mol Genet | Zhong VW (2019) |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | C |
|
Diabetes | Klimentidis YC (2020) |
| Frequency of feeling guilt or remorse after drinking alcohol in last year | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Serum alkaline phosphatase levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Urea levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Leg fat mass (left) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Frequency of inability to cease drinking in last year | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Serum total protein level | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Frequency of memory loss due to drinking alcohol in last year | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Average weekly red wine intake | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Total cholesterol levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Alcohol intake versus 10 years previously | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Serum albumin level | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| High light scatter reticulocyte count | C |
|
Cell | Vuckovic D (2020) |
| Average total household income before tax | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| LDL cholesterol levels | C |
|
PLoS Med | Richardson TG (2020) |
| Alcohol use disorder (consumption score) | C |
|
Am J Psychiatry | Sanchez-Roige S (2018) |
| Predicted visceral adipose tissue | C |
|
Nat Med | Karlsson T (2019) |
| High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells | C |
|
Cell | Vuckovic D (2020) |
| Urinary sodium excretion | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Immature fraction of reticulocytes | C |
|
Cell | Vuckovic D (2020) |
| Vitamin D levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Reticulocyte count | C |
|
Cell | Vuckovic D (2020) |
| Average weekly beer plus cider intake | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol use disorder (dependence and problematic use scores) | C |
|
Am J Psychiatry | Sanchez-Roige S (2018) |
| Apolipoprotein B levels | C |
|
PLoS Med | Richardson TG (2020) |
| Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels | C |
|
Nat Commun | Revez JA (2020) |
| Arm fat mass (left) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Regular attendance at a pub or social club | C |
|
Nat Commun | Day FR (2018) |
| Arm fat mass (right) | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Sex hormone-binding globulin levels | C |
|
Nat Med | Ruth KS (2020) |
| Urinary sodium excretion [EA] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Pazoki R (2019) |
| Adult body size | C |
|
BMJ | Richardson TG (2020) |
| Alcohol dependence [EA] | C |
|
Mol Psychiatry | Gelernter J (2014) |
| Urate levels | C |
|
Elife | Sinnott-Armstrong N (2021) |
| Liver enzyme levels (gamma-glutamyl transferase) | C |
|
Nat Commun | Pazoki R (2021) |
| Blood urea nitrogen levels | C |
|
Nat Genet | Wuttke M (2019) |
| Alcohol consumed | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Alcohol consumption | C |
|
Hum Genet | Kapoor M (2013) |
| Alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) | C |
|
Nat Hum Behav | Matoba N (2020) |
| Alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) [EA] | C |
|
Mol Psychiatry | Jorgenson E (2017) |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks per week) | C |
|
Nat Hum Behav | Matoba N (2020) |
| Alcohol dependence | C |
|
Hum Genet | Park BL (2013) |
| Alcohol dependence (desire to cut drinking) | C |
|
Genes Brain Behav | Lai D (2019) |
| Alcohol dependence (tolerance) | C |
|
Genes Brain Behav | Lai D (2019) |
| Alcohol dependence symptom count | C |
|
Genes Brain Behav | Lai D (2019) |
| Alcohol use disorder [EA] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Kranzler HR (2019) |
| Alcohol use disorder [Latino] | C |
|
Nat Commun | Kranzler HR (2019) |
| Alcohol-related disorders | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB SAIGE (2018) |
| Allopurinol | treatment/medication code | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Body mass index | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| Cardiovascular disease | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| Cholesterol lowering medication | medication for cholesterol, blood pressure or diabetes | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Current | alcohol drinker status | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Esophageal cancer | C |
|
Gastroenterology | Cui R (2009) |
| Ever addicted to alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Former alcohol drinker | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Gout | non-cancer illness code, self-reported | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Health precaution | reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Heel bone mineral density | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| High blood pressure | vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Hypertension | non-cancer illness code, self-reported | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Maximum habitual alcohol consumption | C |
|
Biol Psychiatry | Gelernter J (2019) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| Never | alcohol drinker status | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| No | ever been injured or injured someone else through drinking alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| No | ever had known person concerned about, or recommend reduction of, alcohol consumption | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| None of the above | vascular/heart problems diagnosed by doctor | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer | C |
|
Nat Genet | Lesseur C (2016) |
| Oral cavity cancer | C |
|
Nat Genet | Lesseur C (2016) |
| Oropharynx cancer | C |
|
Nat Genet | Lesseur C (2016) |
| Other reason | reason for reducing amount of alcohol drunk | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Red blood cell count | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| Relative fat intake | C |
|
Mol Psychiatry | Meddens SFW (2020) |
| Systolic blood pressure | C |
|
Am J Hum Genet | Kichaev G (2018) |
| Yes, but not in the last year | ever been injured or injured someone else through drinking alcohol | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
| Yes, but not in the last year | ever had known person concerned about, or recommend reduction of, alcohol consumption | C |
|
Unknown journal | UKB Neale v2 (2018) |
More Information
From SNPedia: "A SNP in rs1229984 encodes a form of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1B gene that significantly reduces the clearance rate of alcohol from the liver. This SNP is also known as Arg48His, with the (C) allele corresponding to the Arg and the (T) to the His.
Known in the literature as ADH2*2 or sometimes ADH1B*2, the allele with increased activity (meaning more rapid oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde) is His48, encoded by rs1229984(T). Individuals with one or especially two ADH2*2 alleles, ie genotypes rs1229984(A;G) or rs1229984(A;A) are more likely to find drinking unpleasant and have a somewhat reduced risk for alcoholism. [PMID 7635462] [PMID 21968928
]
Population Alleles Frequency
| ethhicity | frequency |
|---|---|
| African/African-American | 0.9874 |
| Latino/Admixed American | 0.941 |
| Ashkenazi Jewish | 0.7517 |
| East Asian | 0.2799 |
| European | 0.9682 |
| Other (population not assigned) | 0.9511 |
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