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EGFR
SNP Table
Find on This Page
Summary
The EGFR gene codes for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Upon activation by epidermal growth factor, EGFR can promote [R]:
- Cell growth and division (cell proliferation)
- Cell survival
Variants of EGFR have been associated with lung cancer and other cancer forms. These variants may promote uncontrolled cell proliferation [R].
EGFR inhibitors are used in chemotherapy [R].
Protein names
GHR Function
The EGFR gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, which spans the cell membrane so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. This positioning allows the receptor to attach (bind) to other proteins, called ligands, outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment. Ligands and receptors fit together like keys into locks. Epidermal growth factor receptor binds to at least seven different ligands. The binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor allows the receptor to attach to a nearby receptor protein (dimerize), turning on (activating) the receptor complex. As a result, signaling pathways within the cell are triggered that promote cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival.
More Information
At least eight mutations in the EGFR gene have been associated with lung cancer, a disease in which certain cells in the lung become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Nearly all these EGFR gene mutations occur during a person's lifetime (somatic) and are only present in cancer cells. Other genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors also contribute to a person's cancer risk; in lung cancer, the greatest risk factor is being a long-term tobacco smoker. Somatic mutations in the EGFR gene most often occur in a type of lung cancer called non-small cell lung cancer, specifically a form called adenocarcinoma. These mutations are most common in people with the disease who have never smoked. Somatic EGFR gene mutations occur more frequently in Asian populations with lung cancer than in affected white populations, occurring in 30 to 40 percent of affected Asians compared to 10 to 15 percent of whites with lung cancer. Most of the somatic EGFR gene mutations that are associated with lung cancer delete genetic material in a part of the gene known as exon 19 or change DNA building blocks (nucleotides) in another region called exon 21. These gene changes result in a receptor protein that is constantly turned on (constitutively activated), even when it is not bound to a ligand. As a result, cells are signaled to constantly proliferate and survive, leading to tumor formation. When these gene changes occur in cells in the lungs, lung cancer develops. Lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations tend to respond to treatments that target the overactive signaling pathways that allow cancer cells to constantly grow and divide.
The EGFR gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, which spans the cell membrane so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. This positioning allows the receptor to attach (bind) to other proteins, called ligands, outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment. Ligands and receptors fit together like keys into locks. Epidermal growth factor receptor binds to at least seven different ligands. The binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor allows the receptor to attach to a nearby receptor protein (dimerize), turning on (activating) the receptor complex. As a result, signaling pathways within the cell are triggered that promote cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival.
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