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ARNTL

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Summary

ARNTL (aka BMAL1) increases functionality in the circadian clock. It is associated with major depressive disorders, heightened responses to antidepressants, and is a key component in the functionality of the bodys circadian clock [R]. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging.

ARNTL/BMAL1 increases muscle production and decreases fat cell creation.

ARNTL plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Increases the expression of enzymes that increase hormonal production, and also the genes involved in hair growth.

ARNTL/BMAL1 has also been identified as a candidate gene for susceptibility to hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, and mutations in BMAL1 have been linked to infertility, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis problems, and altered sleep patterns.

Protein names

aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:701]

GHR Function

 

More Information

One mice study indicated that deleting the gene causes a breakdown of the circadian clock, and development issues in the population [R].

Regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the regulation of antioxidant genes NRF2. Inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway; Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity and increases MAOA.

Mutations in the ARNTL gene cause disruptions in the resulting protein, which in turn cause incompatibility with other transcription factors, resulting in circadian arrhythmicity [R].

Variations of the ARNTL gene, as well as two other genes, CRY2 and PER2, have been found to be associated with unipolar depression, perhaps due to the disruption of the circadian clock as well as other psychotic disorders [R1, R2].

ARNTL increases vasopressin, an important hormone that regulates water retention the kidney [R1, R2].

Advanced information: ARNTL binds with CLOCK, which increases the expression of Period and Cryptochrome genes [R]. Cycles between promotion and repression of the regulatory loops take approximately 24 hours, representing one circadian clock [R]. Regulation of the ARNTL protein by competitive binding within the ARNTL promotor region; ARNTL/CLOCK bind to promoter regions EV-Erb and ROR/ß genes as well to begin production of their proteins, which in turn regulate ANTL by binding to the promoter region [R].

Lifestyle & Supplement Interactions

Reduced activity of the ARNTL gene causes the circadian rhythm to become disrupted, which leads to behavioral symptoms of depression (such as despair and hopelessness) in both humans and animals [R, R]. Therefore, you can potentially counteract your risk by increasing the activity of the ARNTL gene.

A good first step would be to avoid factors that may be further reducing your levels of ARNTL gene activity, such as being exposed to light during the evening and night time [R].

Exposure to cold can give your ARNTL levels a boost by activating a protein called PGC-1α, which increases the production of the ARNTL gene [R, R].

DHA -also stops palmitate induced decrease in BMAL1 (R).

Pathways:

  • SIRT1 activation (R)
  • GSK3B inhibition (R)

Chronic activation of GSK3 impaired rhythmicity of BMAL1. Furthermore, chronic inhibition of GSK3 enhanced the amplitude and shortened the period of PER2 rhythms in SCN cultures [R].

Others:

  • ACTH (R)
  • T4 (R)
  • RORa (R),
  • CK1e (R, R2),
  • An increase in promotion of other genes (Period, Cryptochrome) in patients with circadian regulatory issues has shown to mask the effects [R].
  • O-linked glycosylation has been shown to inhibit protein degradation, increasing transcription of ARNTL [R].

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