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MAOB
SNP Table
| variant | genotype | frequency | risk allele |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs192154106 | |||
| rs149395667 | |||
| rs149656736 | |||
| rs761859790 | |||
| rs989269368 | |||
| rs367986995 | |||
| rs12010260 | |||
| rs770494902 | |||
| rs140262266 | |||
| rs146482250 | |||
| rs146667571 | |||
| rs148113949 | |||
| rs199894155 | |||
| rs3027441 | |||
| rs5952696 | |||
| rs6324 | |||
| rs751914644 | |||
| rs757603667 | |||
| rs76703559 | |||
| rs7879356 |
Summary
The MAOB gene encodes an enzyme called monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) [R].
MAO-B is an enzyme that helps break down the chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are collectively called monoamines [R].
Several psychoactive medications target MAO-B (and the closely related MAO-A). These are called monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs. The first antidepressants were MAOIs, but they have broadly been surpassed and replaced by drugs with other mechanisms, such as SSRIs [R, R].
Variants in MAOB have been linked to [R, R, R, R, R, R]:
- Essential hypertension
- Antidepressant response
- Psychotic disorders
- Parkinson’s disease
- Schizophrenia
- Fatigue
Protein names
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GHR Function
More Information
The MAOB gene codes for monoamine oxidase B, an enzyme that helps break down compounds such as dopamine and phenylethylamine [R].
Dopamine is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) with many roles in the brain. Phenylethylamine can stimulate the release of dopamine and other chemical messengers, including serotonin and norepinephrine. Collectively, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are referred to as monoamines [R, R, R].
While a higher amount of monoamine oxidase B implies lower monoamine levels (due to increased breakdown), a lower amount of monoamine oxidase B implies higher monoamine levels (due to decreased breakdown).
Monoamines play many complex roles in the nervous system, and the roles of each monoamine often overlap. Interestingly, some of these neurotransmitters also have the ability to modulate one another’s activity [R].
For example, dopamine and norepinephrine can both induce arousal and alertness, while serotonin can inhibit the activity of these two neurotransmitters in order to induce sleepiness [R].
Variants of MAOB have been associated with chronic fatigue syndrome, an illness characterized by prolonged low energy. These variants may increase monoamine oxidase B activity and consequently decrease monoamine levels. Ultimately, the effects of these variants may result in a monoamine imbalance, dysregulating monoamine function [R, R].
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