The Function of TXNRD1
Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicShort name:
TRAlternative name(s):
Gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 12 proteinGRIM-12
Gene associated with retinoic and IFN-induced mortality 12 protein
KM-102-derived reductase-like factor
Thioredoxin reductase TR1
- RS77724872 (TXNRD1) ??
- RS7975161 (TXNRD1) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
TXNRD1 Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase TXNRD1
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease TXNRD1
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Isoform 1 is expressed predominantly in Leydig cells (at protein level). Also expressed in ovary, spleen, heart, liver, kidney and pancreas and in a number of cancer cell lines. Isoform 4 is widely expressed with highest levels in kidney, testis, uterus, ovary, prostate, placenta and fetal liver.
Gene Pathways:
Induction:
Isoform 5 is induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid (at protein level). Isoform 1 is induced by estradiol or testosterone in HeLa cells.
Cofactor:
Binds 1 FAD per subunit.
Molecular Function:
- Electron Carrier Activity
- Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Binding
- Methylseleninic Acid Reductase Activity
- Methylselenol Reductase Activity
- Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductase Activity
- Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase Activity
Biological Processes:
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Redox Homeostasis
- Mesoderm Formation
- Nucleobase-Containing Small Molecule Interconversion
- Response To Reactive Oxygen Species
- Selenium Compound Metabolic Process
- Signal Transduction
Drug Bank:
- Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- Arsenic Trioxide