The Function of TET2
Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. Has a preference for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CpG motifs. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome which plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. In addition to its role in DNA demethylation, also involved in the recruitment of the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT to CpG-rich transcription start sites of active genes, thereby promoting histone H2B GlcNAcylation by OGT.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2- RS10010325 (TET2) ??
- RS11605083 (TET2) ??
- RS1541374 (TET2) ??
- RS17035310 (TET2) ??
- RS2189234 (TET2) ??
- RS2454206 (TET2) ??
- RS290258 (TET2) ??
- RS4698934 (TET2) ??
- RS5751168 (TET2) ??
- RS6855629 (TET2) ??
- RS7679673 (TET2) ??
- RS9790517 (TET2) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
TET2 Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase TET2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease TET2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Broadly expressed. Highly expressed in hematopoietic cells; highest expression observed in granulocytes. Expression is reduced in granulocytes from peripheral blood of patients affected by myelodysplastic syndromes.
Gene Pathways:
Caution:
Subsequent steps in cytosine demethylation are subject to discussion. According to a first model cytosine demethylation occurs through deamination of 5hmC into 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) and subsequent replacement by unmethylated cytosine by the base excision repair system. According to another model, cytosine demethylation is rather mediated via conversion of 5hmC into 5fC and 5caC, followed by excision by TDG (PubMed:21817016).
Cofactor:
Binds 3 zinc ions per subunit. The zinc ions have a structural role (PubMed:24315485).
Molecular Function:
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase Activity
- C-19 Gibberellin 2-Beta-Dioxygenase Activity
- C-20 Gibberellin 2-Beta-Dioxygenase Activity
- Dna Binding
- Dna-N1-Methyladenine Dioxygenase Activity
- Ferrous Iron Binding
- Hypophosphite Dioxygenase Activity
- Methylcytosine Dioxygenase Activity
- Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase Activity
- Sulfonate Dioxygenase Activity
- Zinc Ion Binding
Biological Processes:
- 5-Methylcytosine Catabolic Process
- Cell Cycle
- Cytosine Metabolic Process
- Dna Demethylation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis
- Hemoglobin Metabolic Process
- Histone H3-K4 Trimethylation
- Kidney Development
- Liver Morphogenesis
- Myeloid Cell Differentiation
- Myeloid Progenitor Cell Differentiation
- Oxidative Demethylation
- Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Post-Embryonic Development
- Protein O-Linked Glycosylation
- Response To Organic Cyclic Compound
- Spleen Development