Disease	Score

Substances	Interaction	Organism	Category

Substances	Interaction	Organism	Category

Transcobalamin deficiency More than 20 mutations in the TCN2 gene have been found to cause transcobalamin deficiency. This condition impairs the transport of cobalamin from the bloodstream to cells throughout the body. Affected individuals have difficulty gaining weight and growing at the expected rate (failure to thrive), vomiting, diarrhea, a shortage of all types of blood cells, and neurological problems. Many TCN2 gene mutations lead to a complete or near-complete lack (deficiency) of transcobalamin. Other TCN2 gene mutations result in a transcobalamin protein that cannot bind to cobalamin or a protein that cannot bind to the receptor at the surface of cells. The resulting lack of cobalamin within cells interferes with the functioning of certain enzymes, which impacts many cell activities. As a result, a wide range of signs and symptoms characteristic of transcobalamin deficiency can develop.

The TCN2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called transcobalamin (formerly known as transcobalamin II). This protein transports cobalamin (also known as vitamin B12) from the bloodstream to cells throughout the body. Cobalamin is obtained from the diet; this vitamin is found in animal products such as meat, eggs, and shellfish. During digestion, cobalamin is transported through intestinal cells into the bloodstream. Transcobalamin attaches (binds) to cobalamin when it is released into the bloodstream and transports the vitamin to cells. The transcobalamin-cobalamin complex binds to a receptor on the cell surface, which allows the complex to enter the cell. Transcobalamin releases cobalamin when the complex enters the cell and transcobalamin is broken down. Within cells, cobalamin helps certain enzymes carry out chemical reactions. Cobalamin plays a role in the processes that produce the building blocks of DNA (nucleotides) and break down various compounds such as fatty acids; these processes are needed for cell growth and division (proliferation) and cellular energy production. Cobalamin's role in these processes is particularly important in the formation of new blood cells and in the nervous system.

Condition	Change (log2fold)	Comparison	Species	Experimental variables	Experiment name

Condition	Change (log2fold)	Comparison	Species	Experimental variables	Experiment name

The following transcription factors affect gene expression:

• Evi-1
• CUTL1
• p53
• c-Myc
• FAC1
• MIF-1

Molecular Function:

• Cobalamin Binding
• Metal Ion Binding

Biological Processes:

• Cobalamin Metabolic Process
• Cobalamin Transport
• Cobalt Ion Transport

Drug Bank:

• Cyanocobalamin
• Hydroxocobalamin

*synonyms