The Function of TAAR1
Receptor for trace amines, including beta-phenylethylamine (b-PEA), p-tyramine (p-TYR), octopamine and tryptamine, with highest affinity for b-PEA and p-TYR. Unresponsive to classical biogenic amines, such as epinephrine and histamine and only partially activated by dopamine and serotonine. Trace amines are biogenic amines present in very low levels in mammalian tissues. Although some trace amines have clearly defined roles as neurotransmitters in invertebrates, the extent to which they function as true neurotransmitters in vertebrates has remained speculative. Trace amines are likely to be involved in a variety of physiological functions that have yet to be fully understood. The signal transduced by this receptor is mediated by the G(s)-class of G-proteins which activate adenylate cyclase.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Trace amine-associated receptor 1Alternative name(s):
TaR-1Trace amine receptor 1
Top Gene-Substance Interactions
Substances That Increase TAAR1
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Substances That Decrease TAAR1
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Advanced Summary
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 ( TAAR1 ) is a receptor within monoamine neurons that is activated by trace amines.
Some of the natural human trace amines include tyramine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine (PEA), and octopamine.
TAAR1 plays a significant role in regulating neurotransmission in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurons in the brain.
The primary natural activators of the
TAAR1
receptor, by rank order of potency, are:
tyramine > phenethylamine > dopamine = octopamine
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
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Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Detected in low levels in discrete regions within the central nervous system and in several peripheral tissues. Moderately expressed in stomach. Low levels in amygdala, kidney, and lung, and small intestine. Trace amounts in cerebellum, dorsal root ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamus, liver, medulla, pancreas, pituitary, pontine reticular formation, prostate, skeletal muscle and spleen.