Summary of PPARA
The PPARA gene encodes peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha ( PPAR alpha ), an important enzyme for metabolizing fat and glucose [R].
PPAR-alpha signals the liver to break down more fat. When you’re fasting and there aren’t enough carbs in your body to burn for energy, PPAR-alpha helps trigger ketogenesis, the process of burning fat for energy [R, R].
Variants in PPARA have been linked to [R, R, R, R]:
- Heart function at high altitude
- Headache at high altitude
- Drug side effects
- Cholesterol levels
Protein names
Recommended name:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaAlternative name(s):
PPAR-alphaNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1
- RS135549 (PPARA) ??
- RS135551 (PPARA) ??
- RS1800206 (PPARA) ??
- RS4253623 (PPARA) ??
- RS4253655 (PPARA) ??
- RS4253728 (PPARA) ??
- RS4253772 (PPARA) ??
- RS4823613 (PPARA) ??
- RS9615264 (PPARA) ??
To see your genotype, you should be logged in and have a file with your genotype uploaded.
Top Gene-Substance Interactions
PPARA Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Fixes
Omega-6/Linoleic acid metabolites/Arachidonic acid, as well as other polyunsaturated fatty acids, are the main ways we naturally activate PPAR alpha (R). This is probably why omega-6's have some benefits in various studies.
It's good to get a good balance of DHA/EPA, MUFAs and Omega 6's, with some saturated fat (not excess like some paleo recommends). PPAR alpha is also stimulated by stress, cortisol, and insulin (R).
PPARa is activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety.
My favorite ways to increase PPAR-alpha:
- Cold (R)
- Exercise (R),
- Fasting (R) - fasting increases SIRT1 via activation of PPAR-alpha in mice (R).
- Fish oil/DHA (R),
- Hydroxytyrosol (R),
- Cinnamon (R)
Other ways to increase PPAR-alpha:
Substances That Increase PPARA
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease PPARA
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Advanced Summary
May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.
PPAR-a inhibits COX2 (R). PPAR-a can help increase IGF-1, which will help you build muscle. Mice without PPAR-alpha have 40% less IGF-1 (R). Mice without PPAR alpha have 20X less UCP-3 (R), which is important for fat loss. This and other mechanisms make PPAR alpha important for fat loss. PPAR-a causes insulin resistance in the liver (R).
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
- ER-alpha
- PPAR-gamma1
- PPAR-gamma2
- AP-1
- c-Jun
- PPAR-alpha
- C/EBPalpha
- HNF-4alpha1
- HNF-4alpha2
- STAT5B
- SIRT1
- PGC-1alpha
- RXR-alpha
Tissue specificity:
Skeletal muscle, liver, heart and kidney.
Gene Pathways:
Molecular Function:
- Rna Polymerase Ii Core Promoter Proximal Region Sequence-Specific Dna Binding
- Transcriptional Activator Activity, Rna Polymerase Ii Core Promoter Proximal Region Sequence-Specific Binding
- Transcriptional Repressor Activity, Rna Polymerase Ii Core Promoter Proximal Region Sequence-Specific Binding
- Rna Polymerase Ii Repressing Transcription Factor Binding
- Transcriptional Activator Activity, Rna Polymerase Ii Transcription Factor Binding
- Dna Binding
- Transcription Factor Activity, Sequence-Specific Dna Binding
- Steroid Hormone Receptor Activity
- Rna Polymerase Ii Transcription Factor Activity, Ligand-Activated Sequence-Specific Dna Binding
- Transcription Factor Binding
- Drug Binding
- Zinc Ion Binding
- Lipid Binding
- Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme Binding
- Sequence-Specific Dna Binding
Biological Processes:
- Negative Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Response To Hypoxia
- Transcription Initiation From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Lipid Metabolic Process
- Fatty Acid Metabolic Process
- Heart Development
- Epidermis Development
- Negative Regulation Of Macrophage Derived Foam Cell Differentiation
- Negative Regulation Of Receptor Biosynthetic Process
- Negative Regulation Of Cholesterol Storage
- Negative Regulation Of Sequestering Of Triglyceride
- Fatty Acid Transport
- Positive Regulation Of Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
- Negative Regulation Of Appetite
- Response To Insulin
- Circadian Regulation Of Gene Expression
- Behavioral Response To Nicotine
- Wound Healing
- Lipoprotein Metabolic Process
- Regulation Of Circadian Rhythm
- Cellular Lipid Metabolic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Gluconeogenesis
- Negative Regulation Of Blood Pressure
- Negative Regulation Of Glycolytic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Transcription, Dna-Templated
- Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Positive Regulation Of Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Negative Regulation Of Inflammatory Response
- Enamel Mineralization
- Regulation Of Glycolytic Process By Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Regulation Of Cellular Ketone Metabolic Process By Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Regulation Of Lipid Transport By Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Negative Regulation Of Neuron Death
- Negative Regulation Of Pri-Mirna Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Negative Regulation Of Leukocyte Cell-Cell Adhesion
- Negative Regulation Of Transcription Regulatory Region Dna Binding