Summary of NOTCH3
The gene codes for a protein, notch 3. Mutations cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) [R].
The Function of NOTCH3
Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3Alternative name(s):
Notch 3- RS3815188 (NOTCH3) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
NOTCH3 Interacts with These Diseases
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Substances That Increase NOTCH3
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Substances That Decrease NOTCH3
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Advanced Summary
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy More than 270 mutations in the NOTCH3 gene have been found to cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, commonly known as CADASIL. Almost all of these mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in the NOTCH3 protein. The amino acid involved in most mutations is cysteine. The addition or deletion of a cysteine molecule in a certain area of the NOTCH3 protein, known as the EGF-like domain, presumably affects NOTCH3 function in vascular smooth muscle cells. Disruption of NOTCH3 functioning can lead to the self-destruction (apoptosis) of these cells. Damage to vascular smooth muscle cells is thought to cause recurrent strokes and other signs and symptoms of CADASIL. lateral meningocele syndrome At least six NOTCH3 gene mutations have been identified in people with lateral meningocele syndrome. This disorder affects the nervous system, the bones and muscles, and other body systems. The condition is characterized by abnormalities known as lateral meningoceles. Lateral meningoceles are protrusions of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord (known as the meninges) through gaps in the bones of the spine (vertebrae). The protrusions are most common and typically larger in the lower spine. The meningoceles associated with this disorder may damage the nerves that spread from the spine to the rest of the body. The mutations that cause lateral meningocele syndrome occur at the end of the gene in a region known as exon 33. These gene mutations result in a NOTCH3 protein with an abnormally short (truncated) NICD. The shortened protein is missing the portion that normally causes the breakdown of the NICD after it has performed its function in the cell nucleus and is no longer needed. As a result, the presence of the NICD in the cell is prolonged, and the protein continues to affect the activity of other genes. However, the result of this prolonged NICD activity and its connection to the specific features of lateral meningocele syndrome are not well understood.
The NOTCH3 gene provides instructions for making a protein with one end (the intracellular end) that remains inside the cell, a middle (transmembrane) section that spans the cell membrane, and another end (the extracellular end) that projects from the outer surface of the cell. The NOTCH3 protein is called a receptor protein because certain other proteins, called ligands, attach (bind) to the extracellular end of NOTCH3, fitting like a key into a lock. This binding causes detachment of the intracellular end of the NOTCH3 protein, called the NOTCH3 intracellular domain, or NICD. The NICD enters the cell nucleus and helps control the activity (transcription) of other genes. The NOTCH3 protein plays a key role in the function and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells, which are muscle cells that surround blood vessels. This protein is thought to be essential for the maintenance of blood vessels, including those that supply blood to the brain.
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
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Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Ubiquitously expressed in fetal and adult tissues.
Gene Pathways:
Molecular Function:
Biological Processes:
- Artery Morphogenesis
- Forebrain Development
- Glomerular Capillary Formation
- Negative Regulation Of Neuron Differentiation
- Negative Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Neuron Fate Commitment
- Notch Receptor Processing
- Notch Signaling Pathway
- Positive Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
- Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Transcription Initiation From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter