The Function of LOXL2
Mediates the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine). When secreted in extracellular matrix, promotes cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins by mediating oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Acts as a regulator of sprouting angiogenesis, probably via collagen IV scaffolding. When nuclear, acts as a transcription corepressor and specifically mediates deamination of trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via interaction with SNAI1 and participates in repression of E-cadherin, probably by mediating deamination of histone H3. Also involved in E-cadherin repression following hypoxia, a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition believed to amplify tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor progression. Acts as a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, probably by regulating expression of factors that control chondrocyte differentiation.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Lysyl oxidase homolog 2Alternative name(s):
Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2
Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14
Top Gene-Substance Interactions
LOXL2 Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase LOXL2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease LOXL2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in many tissues. Highest expression in reproductive tissues, placenta, uterus and prostate. Up-regulated in a number of cancers cells and tissues.
Gene Pathways:
Induction:
Strongly induced in hypoxia. Direct transcriptional target of HIF1A.
Enzyme Regulation:
According to some reports, it is inhibited by beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) (PubMed:20439985 and PubMed:23319596). According to another report, it is not inhibited by beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) (PubMed:20306300). Specifically inhibited by a mouse monoclonal antibody AB0023, inhibition occurs in a non-competitive manner.
Cofactor:
Contains 1 lysine tyrosylquinone.
Molecular Function:
- Chromatin Binding
- Transcription Corepressor Activity
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase Activity
- Scavenger Receptor Activity
- Copper Ion Binding
- Electron Carrier Activity
- Methylated Histone Binding
- Oligosaccharide Binding
Biological Processes:
- Response To Hypoxia
- Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition
- Endothelial Cell Proliferation
- Sprouting Angiogenesis
- Transcription, Dna-Templated
- Cellular Protein Modification Process
- Cell Adhesion
- Aging
- Histone Modification
- Protein Deamination
- Collagen Fibril Organization
- Positive Regulation Of Chondrocyte Differentiation
- Endothelial Cell Migration
- Negative Regulation Of Transcription, Dna-Templated
- Response To Copper Ion
- Oxidation-Reduction Process