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  3. IVD

IVD (Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase)

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Summary of IVD

The gene codes for a protein, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. A deficiency of IVD causes an accumulation of isovaleric acid [R].

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Protein names

Recommended name:

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

Short name:

IVD

IVD SNPs

    To see your genotype, you should be logged in and have a file with your genotype uploaded.

  1. RS10518693 (IVD) ??
  2. RS2034650 (IVD) ??
  3. RS28940889 (IVD) ??
  4. RS9635324 (IVD) ??

Top Gene-Substance Interactions

Substances That Increase IVD

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Substances That Decrease IVD

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Advanced Summary

     isovaleric acidemia At least 25 mutations in the IVD gene have been identified in people with isovaleric acidemia. Some of these mutations disrupt the normal function of the enzyme, while other mutations prevent the cell from producing any functional enzyme. As a result, the body is unable to break down leucine properly. Defects in leucine processing allow several potentially harmful substances, including a compound called isovaleric acid, to build up to toxic levels in the body. An accumulation of isovaleric acid causes people with isovaleric acidemia to have a characteristic odor of sweaty feet. The buildup of isovaleric acid and related compounds also damages the brain and nervous system, leading to poor feeding, lack of energy (lethargy), seizures, and the other signs and symptoms of isovaleric acidemia.

     The IVD gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme plays an essential role in processing proteins obtained from the diet. Normally, the body breaks down proteins from food into smaller parts called amino acids. Amino acids can be further processed to provide energy for growth and development. In cells throughout the body, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is found within specialized structures called mitochondria. Mitochondria convert energy from food to a form that cells can use. Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase helps process a particular amino acid called leucine. Specifically, this enzyme is responsible for the third step in the breakdown of leucine. This step is a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called isovaleryl-CoA to another molecule, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA. Additional chemical reactions convert 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into molecules that are used for energy.

Conditions with Increased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Technical

The following transcription factors affect gene expression:

  • CUTL1
  • CREB
  • C/EBPbeta
  • MEF-2A
  • E4BP4
  • AREB6
  • E47

Gene Pathways:

  • Metabolic pathways
  • Metabolism
  • Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation

Molecular Function:

  • Electron Carrier Activity
  • Fatty-Acyl-Coa Binding
  • Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Binding
  • Isovaleryl-Coa Dehydrogenase Activity
  • Oxidoreductase Activity, Acting On The Ch-Ch Group Of Donors, With A Flavin As Acceptor

Biological Processes:

  • Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolic Process
  • Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation Using Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase
  • Leucine Catabolic Process
  • Lipid Homeostasis

Drug Bank:

  • Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
*synonyms

Synonyms/Aliases/Alternative Names of the Gene:

hypothetical protein| A306_09713| acad2| AS27_11807| AS28_10372| Coenzyme A| D623_10023802| EGK_17362| H920_05549| Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial| isovaleryl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase| isovaleryl dehydrogenase| M91_12749| M959_11981| N300_10666| N301_00457| N302_07561| N303_10021| N305_12461| N307_15190| N308_14373| N309_07400| N310_01826| N311_07555| N312_05527| N320_08458| N321_08026| N324_08485| N325_11666| N326_05532| N327_08297| N328_04079| N329_08573| N330_14502| N331_03444| N333_12295| N334_07681| N335_12514| N336_00298| N339_13033| N340_05113| N341_01770| PAL_GLEAN10023617| Probable isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase| Y1Q_001385| Y956_16020| Z169_14357| ivd

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