The Function of INS
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Insulin [Cleaved into: Insulin B chain; Insulin A chain]- RS28933985 (INS) ??
- RS689 (INS) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
INS Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase INS
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease INS
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Advanced Summary
permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus At least 10 mutations in the INS gene have been identified in people with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Individuals with this condition often have a low birth weight and develop increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) within the first 6 months of life. INS gene mutations that cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the protein sequence. These mutations are believed to disrupt the cleavage of the proinsulin chain or the binding of the A and B chains to form insulin, leading to impaired blood sugar control. type 1 diabetes Genetics Home Reference provides information about type 1 diabetes. other disorders Mutations in the INS gene can also cause other disorders involving insulin production and blood sugar control. Some individuals with INS gene mutations have increased levels of proinsulin in their blood (hyperproinsulinemia) and may also have impaired blood sugar control. INS gene mutations are also associated with a disorder called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This term refers to hereditary forms of relatively mild diabetes mellitus caused by changes in single genes.
The INS gene provides instructions for producing the hormone insulin, which is necessary for the control of glucose levels in the blood. Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary energy source for most cells in the body. Insulin is produced in a precursor form called proinsulin, which consists of a single chain of protein building blocks (amino acids). The proinsulin chain is cut (cleaved) to form individual pieces called the A and B chains, which are joined together by connections called disulfide bonds to form insulin .
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Gene Pathways:
- Metabolism of proteins
- Insulin signaling pathway
- Type II diabetes mellitus
- Disease
- Regulation of autophagy
- Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation
- Type I diabetes mellitus
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
- mTOR signaling pathway
- Prostate cancer
- Signal Transduction
- Metabolism
- Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
- Oocyte meiosis
Molecular Function:
- Hormone Activity
- Identical Protein Binding
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Binding
- Insulin Receptor Binding
- Protease Binding
Biological Processes:
- Activation Of Protein Kinase B Activity
- Acute-Phase Response
- Alpha-Beta T Cell Activation
- Cell-Cell Signaling
- Cellular Protein Metabolic Process
- Er To Golgi Vesicle-Mediated Transport
- Fatty Acid Homeostasis
- Glucose Homeostasis
- Glucose Metabolic Process
- Glucose Transport
- G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Mapk Cascade
- Negative Regulation Of Acute Inflammatory Response
- Negative Regulation Of Fatty Acid Metabolic Process
- Negative Regulation Of Feeding Behavior
- Negative Regulation Of Gluconeogenesis
- Negative Regulation Of Glycogen Catabolic Process
- Negative Regulation Of Lipid Catabolic Process
- Negative Regulation Of Nad(P)H Oxidase Activity
- Negative Regulation Of Oxidative Stress-Induced Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway
- Negative Regulation Of Protein Catabolic Process
- Negative Regulation Of Protein Oligomerization
- Negative Regulation Of Protein Secretion
- Negative Regulation Of Proteolysis
- Negative Regulation Of Respiratory Burst Involved In Inflammatory Response
- Negative Regulation Of Vasodilation
- Positive Regulation Of Brown Fat Cell Differentiation
- Positive Regulation Of Cell Differentiation
- Positive Regulation Of Cell Growth
- Positive Regulation Of Cell Migration
- Positive Regulation Of Cell Proliferation
- Positive Regulation Of Cellular Protein Metabolic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Cytokine Secretion
- Positive Regulation Of Dna Replication
- Positive Regulation Of Gene Expression
- Positive Regulation Of Glucose Import
- Positive Regulation Of Glycogen Biosynthetic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Glycolytic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Positive Regulation Of Lipid Biosynthetic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Mapk Cascade
- Positive Regulation Of Mitotic Nuclear Division
- Positive Regulation Of Nf-Kappab Transcription Factor Activity
- Positive Regulation Of Nitric Oxide Biosynthetic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity
- Positive Regulation Of Peptide Hormone Secretion
- Positive Regulation Of Peptidyl-Tyrosine Phosphorylation
- Positive Regulation Of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling
- Positive Regulation Of Protein Autophosphorylation
- Positive Regulation Of Protein Kinase B Signaling
- Positive Regulation Of Protein Localization To Nucleus
- Positive Regulation Of Respiratory Burst
- Positive Regulation Of Vasodilation
- Regulation Of Cellular Amino Acid Metabolic Process
- Regulation Of Protein Localization
- Regulation Of Protein Secretion
- Regulation Of Transcription, Dna-Templated
- Regulation Of Transmembrane Transporter Activity
- Wound Healing