Summary of IL1A
The gene codes for a protein, interleukin 1 alpha. Polymorphisms are linked to rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease [R].
The Function of IL1A
Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Interleukin-1 alphaAlternative name(s):
IL-1 alphaHematopoietin-1
- RS11677416 (IL1A) ??
- RS1800587 (IL1A) ??
- RS2856836 (IL1A) ??
- RS2856838 (IL1A) ??
- RS6542095 (IL1A) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
IL1A Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase IL1A
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease IL1A
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Advanced Summary
ankylosing spondylitis Several variations (polymorphisms) in the IL1A gene have been found to influence the risk of ankylosing spondylitis. Each of these variations changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in interleukin-1 alpha. It is unclear how these variations alter the protein's function. Studies suggest that the effects of IL1A variations are probably related to the role of interleukin-1 alpha in promoting inflammation. Other genetic and environmental factors, many of which are unknown, also affect the chance of developing ankylosing spondylitis. idiopathic inflammatory myopathy Genetics Home Reference provides information about idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. other disorders Variations in the IL1A gene have been studied as potential risk factors for several other disorders associated with abnormal inflammation. These include chronic gum (periodontal) disease, a progressive bone infection known as chronic osteomyelitis, and an eye disease called open-angle glaucoma. The most well-studied variation affecting the IL1A gene is a change in a single DNA building block (nucleotide) in a region of regulatory DNA near the start of the gene (written as IL1A-889 C>T). This variation affects the production of interleukin-1 alpha within cells. Researchers have also identified a second common variation in the IL1A gene, written as IL1A+4845 G>T, which changes a single nucleotide in the gene. This variation likely affects the sensitivity of interleukin-1 alpha to cleavage by calpain. It is unclear how changes in the IL1A gene influence the risk of inflammatory disorders. Studies suggest that the effects of IL1A variations are probably related to the role of interleukin-1 alpha in promoting inflammation. Other genetic and environmental factors also likely affect the chance of developing these complex disorders.
The IL1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called interleukin-1 alpha. Interleukins are a group of proteins that are made primarily in immune system cells. They are involved in cell-to-cell communication and have a wide variety of functions within the immune system. Interleukin-1 alpha is described as "pro-inflammatory" because it stimulates the activity of genes involved in inflammation and immunity. This protein plays a critical role in protecting the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. It is also involved in bone resorption, the breakdown and removal of bone tissue that is no longer needed. Interleukin-1 alpha is initially produced as a relatively long protein that is trapped within cells. Another protein, called calpain, cuts (cleaves) this precursor protein to create a shorter, mature version of interleukin-1 alpha. The shorter form of this protein is secreted by immune system cells to influence the functions of other cells.
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Gene Pathways:
Molecular Function:
Biological Processes:
- Apoptotic Process
- Cell Proliferation
- Cellular Response To Heat
- Connective Tissue Replacement Involved In Inflammatory Response Wound Healing
- Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway
- Ectopic Germ Cell Programmed Cell Death
- Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway In Absence Of Ligand
- Fever Generation
- Immune Response
- Inflammatory Response
- Interleukin-1-Mediated Signaling Pathway
- Negative Regulation Of Cell Proliferation
- Negative Regulation Of Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway In Absence Of Ligand
- Positive Regulation Of Angiogenesis
- Positive Regulation Of Cell Division
- Positive Regulation Of Cytokine Secretion
- Positive Regulation Of Gene Expression
- Positive Regulation Of I-Kappab Kinase/Nf-Kappab Signaling
- Positive Regulation Of Interleukin-2 Biosynthetic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Interleukin-6 Production
- Positive Regulation Of Jnk Cascade
- Positive Regulation Of Mitotic Nuclear Division
- Positive Regulation Of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Production
- Positive Regulation Of Neutrophil Extravasation
- Positive Regulation Of Protein Secretion
- Positive Regulation Of Transcription From Rna Polymerase Ii Promoter
- Positive Regulation Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production
- Response To Copper Ion
Drug Bank:
- Rilonacept