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  3. AXL

AXL (AXL receptor tyrosine kinase)

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The Function of AXL

(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:22156524, PubMed:22673088, PubMed:25277499, PubMed:21501828). Acts as a receptor for ebolavirus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:17005688).

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Protein names

Recommended name:

Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO

Alternative name(s):

AXL oncogene

Top Gene-Substance Interactions

AXL Interacts with These Diseases

Disease Score

Substances That Increase AXL

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Substances That Decrease AXL

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Advanced Summary

     From UniProt: AXL and its ligand GAS6 are highly expressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues, and might thus be involved in thyroid tumorigenesis. Overexpression of AXL and its ligand was also detected in many other cancers such as myeloproliferative disorders, prostatic carcinoma cells, or breast cancer .

     From NCBI Gene: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. The encoded protein possesses an extracellular domain which is composed of two immunoglobulin-like motifs at the N-terminal, followed by two fibronectin type-III motifs. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] From UniProt: (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:22156524, PubMed:22673088, PubMed:25277499, PubMed:21501828). Acts as a receptor for ebolavirus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:17005688). Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TNS2. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response.

Conditions with Increased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Technical

The following transcription factors affect gene expression:

  • AP-1
  • Max
  • c-Jun

Tissue specificity:

Highly expressed in metastatic colon tumors. Expressed in primary colon tumors. Weakly expressed in normal colon tissue.

Gene Pathways:

  • Signal Transduction

Enzyme Regulation:

Activated by GAS6-binding and subsequent autophosphorylation.

Molecular Function:

  • Atp Binding
  • Phosphatidylserine Binding
  • Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity
  • Transmembrane Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity
  • Virus Receptor Activity

Biological Processes:

  • Animal Organ Regeneration
  • Apoptotic Cell Clearance
  • Blood Vessel Remodeling
  • Cell Maturation
  • Cellular Response To Extracellular Stimulus
  • Cellular Response To Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Cellular Response To Interferon-Alpha
  • Cellular Response To Lipopolysaccharide
  • Dendritic Cell Differentiation
  • Erythrocyte Homeostasis
  • Forebrain Cell Migration
  • Inflammatory Response
  • Innate Immune Response
  • Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
  • Negative Regulation Of Dendritic Cell Apoptotic Process
  • Negative Regulation Of Interferon-Gamma Production
  • Negative Regulation Of Lymphocyte Activation
  • Negative Regulation Of Neuron Apoptotic Process
  • Negative Regulation Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production
  • Neuron Migration
  • Ovulation Cycle
  • Phagocytosis
  • Platelet Activation
  • Positive Regulation Of Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway
  • Positive Regulation Of Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
  • Positive Regulation Of Pinocytosis
  • Positive Regulation Of Protein Kinase B Signaling
  • Protein Kinase B Signaling
  • Secretion By Cell
  • Signal Transduction
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Substrate Adhesion-Dependent Cell Spreading
  • Vagina Development
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway
  • Viral Entry Into Host Cell
*synonyms

Synonyms/Aliases/Alternative Names of the Gene:

hypothetical protein| adhesion-related kinase| ARK| AXL oncogene| AXL transforming sequence/gene| EH28_23027| GW7_15448| H920_05004| jtk11| M91_14257| MDA_GLEAN10003364| PAL_GLEAN10000578| PANDA_012929| TREES_T100001322| Tyro7| tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO| UFO| ufo oncogene homolog| UY3_17649| Y1Q_029662| axl

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