The Function of AXL
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:22156524, PubMed:22673088, PubMed:25277499, PubMed:21501828). Acts as a receptor for ebolavirus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:17005688).
Protein names
Recommended name:
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFOAlternative name(s):
AXL oncogeneTop Gene-Substance Interactions
AXL Interacts with These Diseases
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Substances That Increase AXL
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Substances That Decrease AXL
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Advanced Summary
From UniProt: AXL and its ligand GAS6 are highly expressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues, and might thus be involved in thyroid tumorigenesis. Overexpression of AXL and its ligand was also detected in many other cancers such as myeloproliferative disorders, prostatic carcinoma cells, or breast cancer .
From NCBI Gene: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. The encoded protein possesses an extracellular domain which is composed of two immunoglobulin-like motifs at the N-terminal, followed by two fibronectin type-III motifs. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] From UniProt: (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:22156524, PubMed:22673088, PubMed:25277499, PubMed:21501828). Acts as a receptor for ebolavirus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope (PubMed:17005688). Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TNS2. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response.
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
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Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Highly expressed in metastatic colon tumors. Expressed in primary colon tumors. Weakly expressed in normal colon tissue.
Gene Pathways:
Enzyme Regulation:
Activated by GAS6-binding and subsequent autophosphorylation.
Molecular Function:
- Virus Receptor Activity
- Phosphatidylserine Binding
- Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity
- Transmembrane Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity
- Atp Binding
Biological Processes:
- Neuron Migration
- Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
- Positive Regulation Of Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway
- Blood Vessel Remodeling
- Phagocytosis
- Inflammatory Response
- Signal Transduction
- Spermatogenesis
- Forebrain Cell Migration
- Platelet Activation
- Animal Organ Regeneration
- Cellular Response To Extracellular Stimulus
- Negative Regulation Of Interferon-Gamma Production
- Negative Regulation Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production
- Positive Regulation Of Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
- Secretion By Cell
- Erythrocyte Homeostasis
- Substrate Adhesion-Dependent Cell Spreading
- Cellular Response To Interferon-Alpha
- Ovulation Cycle
- Apoptotic Cell Clearance
- Protein Kinase B Signaling
- Negative Regulation Of Neuron Apoptotic Process
- Innate Immune Response
- Viral Entry Into Host Cell
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Cell Maturation
- Positive Regulation Of Pinocytosis
- Negative Regulation Of Lymphocyte Activation
- Positive Regulation Of Protein Kinase B Signaling
- Vagina Development
- Cellular Response To Hydrogen Peroxide
- Cellular Response To Lipopolysaccharide
- Dendritic Cell Differentiation
- Negative Regulation Of Dendritic Cell Apoptotic Process