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  3. AOX1

AOX1 (Aldehyde oxidase 1)

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The Function of AOX1

Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.

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Protein names

Recommended name:

Aldehyde oxidase

Alternative name(s):

Aldehyde oxidase 1
Azaheterocycle hydroxylase

AOX1 SNPs

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  1. RS55754655 (AOX1) ??

Top Gene-Substance Interactions

AOX1 Interacts with These Diseases

Disease Score

Substances That Increase AOX1

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Substances That Decrease AOX1

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Conditions with Increased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Technical

The following transcription factors affect gene expression:

  • NF-kappaB
  • GR
  • GR-alpha
  • GR-beta
  • AhR
  • NF-kappaB1
  • Brachyury

Tissue specificity:

Abundant in liver, expressed in adipose tissue and at lower levels in lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas. In contrast to mice, no significant gender difference in AOX1 expression level (at protein level).

Gene Pathways:

  • Metabolic pathways
  • Metabolism
  • Disease
  • Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
  • Tryptophan metabolism
  • Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450
  • Tyrosine metabolism
  • Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
  • Vitamin B6 metabolism

Induction:

In liver, is down-regulated by adiponectin and by the PPARA agonist, fenofibric acid.

Developmental stage:

Not detected in preadipocytes but strongly induced in mature adipocytes.

Caution:

Was originally thought to be a xanthine dehydrogenase.

Enzyme Regulation:

Is very potently inhibited by raloxifene. Also inhibited by estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, hydralazine, menadione, and isovanillin. Not inhibited by allopurinol, a xanthine dehydrogenase potent inhibitor.

Cofactor:

Binds 1 Mo-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) cofactor per subunit.

Molecular Function:

  • 2 Iron, 2 Sulfur Cluster Binding
  • Aldehyde Oxidase Activity
  • Electron Carrier Activity
  • Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Binding
  • Iron Ion Binding
  • Molybdopterin Cofactor Binding
  • Nad Binding
  • Oxidoreductase Activity, Acting On Ch-Oh Group Of Donors
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase Activity

Biological Processes:

  • Inflammatory Response
  • Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolic Process
  • Vitamin B6 Metabolic Process
  • Xanthine Catabolic Process

Drug Bank:

  • Brimonidine
  • Menadione
  • Mercaptopurine
  • Raloxifene
  • Famciclovir
  • Idelalisib
  • Lenvatinib
  • Methotrexate
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Zaleplon
  • Allopurinol
  • Aminocaproic Acid
  • Zonisamide
*synonyms

Synonyms/Aliases/Alternative Names of the Gene:

hypothetical protein| A306_11042| aldehyde oxidase| aldehyde oxidase 2| aldehyde oxidase beta| aldehyde oxidase (female form)| aldehyde oxidase-like| Anapl_14910| AO| AOH1| Aox-1| AOX1-PA| Aox2| Aox-2| AS28_03238| azaheterocycle hydroxylase| Azaheterocycle hydroxylase 1| CG18522 gene product from transcript CG18522-RA| CG18522-PA| CT42272| D623_10019989| DmAO1| Dmel_CG18522| low-pyridoxal-oxidase| LPO| M91_14969| Moro| N302_09800| N303_13787| N306_13033| N307_08517| N308_08479| N309_03545| N310_00805| N312_09310| N322_03867| N326_02096| N327_02973| N330_06998| N331_02012| N332_04099| N334_06342| N335_13790| N339_10202| N340_02572| PANDA_003914| Po| pyridoxal oxidase| retinal oxidase| retinoic acid synthase| Ro| xanthine dehydrogenase| Y956_07513| aox1

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