Definition
Description
Spermine is Found in These Foods
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Spermine Health Effects
General Information
- Metabolism: Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces.
- Uses/Sources: For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
- Health Effects: Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
- Symptoms: As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.
- Treatment: Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.
- Route of Exposure: Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Carbonic anhydrase 1 Carbonic anhydrase 2 Carbonic anhydrase 4 Carbonic anhydrase 3 DNA Carbonic anhydrase 9 Carbonic anhydrase 12 Carbonic anhydrase 14 Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial Carbonic anhydrase 6 Carbonic anhydrase 7 Beta-1 adrenergic receptor Beta-2 adrenergic receptor Solute carrier family 22 member 8 Spermine oxidase Spermine synthase Ornithine decarboxylase Klotho NADPH oxidase 4 Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
22419041 11258887 10698696 21318891 17041782 20885010 25041433 14508504 11413269 11040105 16651710 12727196 12202757 11950995 11408092 15459188 21167887 20590092 15133083 21282059 16515550 12141946 21318872 12547793 10712236 12477380 11160858 |
Spermine Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Distal arthrogryposis type 2B | 27.08 |
|
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury | 20.34 |
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 15.67 |
|
Status Epilepticus | 14.52 |
|
Brain Ischemia | 12.88 |
|
Reperfusion Injury | 12.01 |
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal | 11.76 |
|
Prostatic Neoplasms | 10.62 |
|
CARDIOMYOPATHY, DILATED, 3B | 9.72 |
|
Skin Neoplasms | 9.29 |
|
Mycoplasma Infections | 9.16 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 8.89 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 8.62 |
|
Myocardial infarction | 8.6 |
|
Asthma | 8.51 |
|
Retinal Detachment | 8.39 |
|
Intellectual Disability | 8.01 |
|
Colonic neoplasm | 7.78 |
|
Esophageal Neoplasms | 7.72 |
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 7.72 |
|