Definition
Description
General Information
- Metabolism: Hepatic. Half Life: 16 to 31 hours
- Uses/Sources: For the treatment and management of obesity.
- Health Effects: Using large amounts of these drugs can result in a condition known as amphetamine psychosis -- which can result in auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations, intense paranoia, irrational thoughts and beliefs, delusions, and mental confusion. Using large amounts of these drugs can result in a condition known as amphetamine psychosis -- which can result in auditory, visual and tactile hallucinations, intense paranoia, irrational thoughts and beliefs, delusions, and mental confusion.
- Symptoms: Symptoms of overdose include delirium, mania, self-injury, marked hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hyperpyrexia, convulsion, coma, and circulatory collapse.
- Treatment: Management of acute phentermine intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes lavage and sedation with a barbiturate. Acidification of the urine increases phentermine excretion. Intravenous phentolamine (REGITINE) has been suggested for possible acute, severe hypertension, if this complicates phentermine overdosage. (L1712)
- Route of Exposure: Phentermine is rapidly absorbed after oral ingestion.
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
- Toxicity: LD50: 15 to 20 mg/kg (monkey).
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B |
11104741 |
|
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B |
Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these include dopamine and norepinephrine. High levels of these catecholamines tend to suppress hunger signals and appetite. Phentermine (through catecholamine elevation) may also indirectly affect leptin levels in the brain. It is theorized that phentermine can raise levels of leptin which signal satiety. It is also theorized that increased levels of the catecholamines are partially responsible for halting another chemical messenger known as neuropeptide Y. This peptide initiates eating, decreases energy expenditure, and increases fat storage. |
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