Definition
Description
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Norepinephrine Health Effects
General Information
- Metabolism: Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces.
- Uses/Sources: Mainly used to treat patients in vasodilatory shock states such as septic shock and neurogenic shock and has shown a survival benefit over dopamine. Also used as a vasopressor medication for patients with critical hypotension.
- Health Effects: Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
- Symptoms: As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.
- Treatment: Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.
- Route of Exposure: Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Synaptic vesicular amine transporter D(2) dopamine receptor D(1A) dopamine receptor Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor Beta-1 adrenergic receptor Beta-2 adrenergic receptor Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor Solute carrier family 22 member 8 D-amino-acid oxidase Chromaffin granule amine transporter Nischarin Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Klotho NADPH oxidase 4 |
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