Definition
Constit. of many foodstuffs. A prod. of aerobic enzymatic transformations of plant constits. Used in fruit flavours and in perfumery Hexanal is an alkyl aldehyde found in human biofluids.
Description
Hexanal is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Hexanal is an alkyl aldehyde found in human biofluids. Human milk samples collected from women contains hexanal. Among mediators of oxidative stress, highly reactive secondary aldehydic lipid peroxidation products can initiate the processes of spontaneous mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and can also act as a growth-regulating factors and signaling molecules. In specimens obtained from adult patients with brain astrocytomas, lower levels of n-hexanal are associated with poorer patient prognosis. Hexanal is a volatile compound that has been associated with the development of undesirable flavours. The content of hexanal, which is a major breakdown product of linoleic acid (LA, n - 6 PUFA) oxidation, has been used to follow the course of lipid oxidation and off-flavour development in foods, and have been proposed as one potential marker of milk quality. A cardboard-like off-flavour is frequently associated with dehydrated milk products. This effect is highly correlated with the headspace concentration of hexanal. (A7871, A7872).
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
N-Hexanal Health Effects
General Information
- Metabolism: Uremic toxins tend to accumulate in the blood either through dietary excess or through poor filtration by the kidneys. Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces.
- Uses/Sources: Naturally produced by the body (endogenous).
- Health Effects: Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
- Symptoms: As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.
- Treatment: Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.
- Route of Exposure: Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)
Mechanism of Action
| Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
|---|---|---|
|
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 Klotho NADPH oxidase 4 |
20699116 22419041 25041433 |
N-Hexanal Interacts with Diseases
| Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
| Liver Neoplasms, Experimental | 12.25 |
|
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung | 9.73 |
|
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 9.08 |
|
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult | 8.93 |
|
| Precancerous Conditions | 8.86 |
|
| Ovarian epithelial cancer | 8.66 |
|
| Lung Neoplasms | 8.24 |
|
| Esophageal Neoplasms | 7.96 |
|
| Male infertility | 7.72 |
|
| Diabetes Complications | 7.39 |
|
| Neoplasm Metastasis | 7.29 |
|
| Hemangiosarcoma | 6.7 |
|
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 6.39 |
|
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 6.33 |
|
| Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy | 6.25 |
|
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic | 6.11 |
|
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic | 6.06 |
|
| Osteosarcoma | 5.99 |
|
| Breast carcinoma | 5.89 |
|
| ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY, ACUTE | 5.86 |
|