Definition
Both Borneol and Isoborneol and their acetates and formates are used as flavouring agents
Description
Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate is a chemical compound of cyanide.
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Isoborneol Health Effects
- Analgesic
- Anti acetylcholine
- Anti bronchitic
- (-)-inotropic
- Anti escherichic
- Anti feedant
- Anti herpetic
- Anti inflammatory
- Anti otitic
- Anti pyretic
- Anti salmonella
- Anti spasmodic
- Anti staphylococcic
- Anti viral
- Anti yeast
- Candidicide
- Choleretic
- Central nervous system stimulant
- Central nervous system toxic
- Flavor
- Fungicide
- Hepatoprotective
- Herbicide
- Inhalant
- Insect repellent
- Insectifuge
- Irritant
- Motor stimulant
- Nematicide
- Perfumery
- Pesticide
- Sedative
- Tranquilizer
- (-)-chronotropic
- Allelochemic
- Anti bacterial
- Myorelaxant
General Information
- Metabolism: Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
- Health Effects: Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
- Symptoms: Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
- Treatment: Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)
- Route of Exposure: Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
- Toxicity: LD50: 1000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T18) LD50: 6880 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T18) LD50: 140 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)
- Lethal Dose: 200 to 300 milligrams for an adult human (cyanide salts). (T86)
Isoborneol Interacts with Diseases
| Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | 10.01 |
|
| Generalized Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus, Type 3 | 7.27 |
|
| Generalized Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus, Type 1 | 6.57 |
|
| Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile | 6.0 |
|
| Febrile seizures | 5.88 |
|
| Gliosarcoma | 5.79 |
|
| Essential tremor | 5.61 |
|
| TOBACCO ADDICTION, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO | 5.57 |
|
| Epilepsy, Absence | 5.38 |
|
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic | 5.35 |
|
| Ovarian Cysts | 5.3 |
|
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 | 5.19 |
|
| Alcohol dependence | 5.12 |
|
| Amphetamine-Related Disorders | 4.79 | |
| Schizophrenia | 4.51 |
|
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 4.47 |
|
| Ataxia | 4.46 |
|
| Kidney Failure, Chronic | 4.41 |
|
| Autism | 4.29 |
|
| Cocaine dependence | 4.24 |
|