Definition
An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.
Description
Glipizide is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized. [PubChem]Sulfonylureas likely bind to ATP-sensitive potassium-channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin.
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism: Hepatic. The major metabolites of glipizide are products of aromatic hydroxylation and have no hypoglycemic activity. A minor metabolite which accounts for less than 2% of a dose, an acetylaminoethyl benzine derivatives, is reported to have 1/10 to 1/3 as much hypoglycemic activity as the parent compound. Route of Elimination: The primary metabolites are inactive hydroxylation products and polar conjugates and are excreted mainly in the urine. Half Life: 2-5 hours
- Uses/Sources: For use as an adjunct to diet for the control of hyperglycemia and its associated symptomatology in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; type II), formerly known as maturity-onset diabetes, after an adequate trial of dietary therapy has proved unsatisfactory.
- Symptoms: The acute oral toxicity was extremely low in all species tested (LD50 greater than 4 g/kg). Overdosage of sulfonylureas including glipizide can produce hypoglycemia.
- Route of Exposure: Oral. Gastrointestinal absorption is uniform, rapid, and essentially complete.
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
- Toxicity: The acute oral toxicity was extremely low in all species tested (LD50 greater than 4 g/kg).
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 | Sulfonylureas likely bind to ATP-sensitive potassium-channel receptors on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin. |
17139284 17016423 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 |
11484080 12475777 11078469 11574406 11078468 17082235 |
Glipizide Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent | 18.72 |
|
Disorders of Sex Development | 17.45 |
|
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 12.87 |
|
Endometriosis | 12.65 |
|
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic | 11.47 |
|
Endometrial neoplasm | 8.94 |
|
Osteoarthritis | 8.53 |
|
Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental | 8.07 |
|
Obesity | 7.43 |
|
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency | 6.81 |
|
CHOLESTASIS, BENIGN RECURRENT INTRAHEPATIC, 2 | 6.65 |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 6.6 |
|
Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 1 | 5.96 |
|
Coumarin Resistance | 5.94 |
|
Afibrinogenemia | 5.84 |
|
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage | 5.66 |
|
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant | 5.39 |
|
Brain Neoplasms | 4.5 |
|
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic | 4.28 |
|
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung | 4.18 |
|