Definition
An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.
Description
Enflurane is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate. [PubChem]Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to and angonizes the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glycine receptor, and antagonizes the glutamate receptor receptor. These yield a decreased depolarization and therefore, tissue excitability which results in anesthesia.
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism: 2.4% of the dose is slowly metabolized hepatically via oxidation and dehalogenation (primarily through the actions of cytochrome P450 2E1). Leads to low levels of serum fluoride (15 µmol/L).
- Uses/Sources: Used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia during surgery and cesarean section and also used for analgesia during vaginal delivery.
- Symptoms: Symptoms of acute overdose include nausea, vomiting, irritation to the eyes, skin and nose/throat, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Symptoms of chronic overdose include hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, and liver/kidney dysfunction.
- Route of Exposure: Rapidly absorbed into the circulation via the lungs.
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
- Toxicity: LD50: 5.4 ml/kg (oral, rat).
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 GABA-A receptor (anion channel) Glycine receptor (alpha-1/beta) |
10794813 21078588 11465594 16973644 16402123 |
|
Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Glutamate receptor 1 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial |
Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor. |
10794813 17016423 17139284 1446749 8786535 |
Enflurane Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Visceral leishmaniasis | 16.85 |
|
Radiation Injuries, Experimental | 14.23 |
|
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous | 12.65 |
|
Manganese Poisoning | 12.65 |
|
Colitis | 12.31 |
|
Autism | 11.5 |
|
Pulmonary Fibrosis | 11.44 |
|
Wounds and Injuries | 11.35 |
|
Anthracosis | 11.24 |
|
Heart failure | 10.28 |
|
Reperfusion Injury | 10.17 |
|
Pneumonia | 10.12 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 9.99 |
|
HIV Wasting Syndrome | 9.98 |
|
Adrenoleukodystrophy | 9.95 |
|
Entamoebiasis | 9.93 |
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 9.9 |
|
Arsenic Poisoning | 9.79 |
|
Hepatic Encephalopathy | 9.54 |
|
Rheumatoid arthritis | 9.46 |
|