Definition
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms (such as in cases of tetanus), restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal and Ménière's disease. (Wikipedia)
Description
Terbium(III) bromide is a chemical compound of terbium and bromine. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (L625)
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Diazepam Health Effects
General Information
- Metabolism: Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)
- Health Effects: Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)
- Symptoms: Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)
- Treatment: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
- Route of Exposure: Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Serum albumin Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon GABA-A receptor (anion channel) Adenosine receptor A3 Cholecystokinin receptor type A Fas-binding factor 1 |
15027873 20956006 16250647 15743180 8632757 8568803 23121096 16392789 6738302 2867566 10633039 2885419 18384456 18348514 8145225 15214791 16480260 16279764 15009644 11752090 |
|
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 Translocator protein |
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors which mediate sleep, affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. |
17662522 15027873 15743180 11752352 8632757 8568803 16610795 16392789 6738302 2867566 10633039 17139284 15214791 17641849 16480260 17016423 16279764 10890169 17631921 18537233 |
Diazepam Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Autism | 22.44 |
|
Brain Ischemia | 21.64 |
|
Reperfusion Injury | 19.8 |
|
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic | 19.79 |
|
Cocaine dependence | 19.2 |
|
Marfan Syndrome | 15.51 |
|
Gliosis | 13.88 |
|
Epilepsy | 13.05 |
|
Stomach Neoplasms | 13.04 |
|
Turner Syndrome | 12.84 |
|
Trigeminal Neuralgia | 12.56 |
|
Colonic neoplasm | 11.75 |
|
Status Epilepticus | 11.56 |
|
Endometriosis | 11.4 |
|
Heat Stroke | 11.4 |
|
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal | 11.11 |
|
Aneurysm, Dissecting | 10.57 |
|
Brain Injuries | 10.51 |
|
Schizophrenia | 10.44 |
|
Isodicentric Chromosome 15 Syndrome | 10.3 |
|