Definition
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
Glucocorticoid with potent antiinflammatory props. Not FDA approved for use in food-producing animals, but may be used illegally Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions.; Dexamethasone can be used in the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, to prevent virilisation of a female fetus. If one or both parents are carriers of mutations to the CYP21 (CYP21A2) gene, the mother may start dexamethasone treatment within 7 weeks of conception. At the 12th week, a chorionic villus sample will determine whether the fetus is male (in which case the dexamethasone is stopped) or female. Subsequent DNA analysis can then reveal whether the female fetus is a carrier of the mutation, in which case dexamethasone treatment must continue until birth. The side-effects for the mother can be severe and the long-term impact on the child is not clear.; Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid hormones. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Its potency is about 20-30 times that of hydrocortisone and 4-5 times of prednisone.
Description
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. [PubChem]
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism: Hepatic.
- Uses/Sources: Injection: for the treatment of endocrine disorders, rheumatic D=disorders, collagen diseases, dermatologic diseases, allergic statesc, ophthalmic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, hematologic disorders, neoplastic diseases, edematous states, cerebral edema.
Ophthalmic ointment and solution: for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe.
Ophthalmic solution only: for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the external auditory meatus
Topic cream: for relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
Oral aerosol: for the treatment of bronchial asthma and related corticosteroid responsive bronchospastic states intractable to adequate trial of conventional therapy
Intranasal aerosol: for the treatment of allergic ot inflammatory nasal conditions, and nasal polyps - Route of Exposure: 80-90%
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
- Toxicity: Oral, rat LD<sub>50</sub>: >3 gm/kg. Signs of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, aseptic bone necrosis, osteoporosis, myopathies, obesity, edemas, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetes, sleep disturbances, psychiatric syndromes, delayed wound healing, atrophy and fragility of the skin, ecchymosis, and pseudotumor cerebri.
Mechanism of Action
| Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
|---|---|---|
|
Glucocorticoid receptor Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Androgen receptor Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Annexin A1 |
16971495 16891588 17379310 16835395 11956172 15187150 16883066 10478797 16956592 16963802 17076770 17158208 17494951 17503181 16857744 16054614 17644190 11752352 17526944 |