Definition
A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
Description
Daunorubicin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemia and other neoplasms. [PubChem]Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism: Hepatic Route of Elimination: Twenty-five percent of an administered dose of daunorubicin hydrochloride is eliminated in an active form by urinary excretion and an estimated 40% by biliary excretion. Half Life: 18.5 hours
- Uses/Sources: For remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (myelogenous, monocytic, erythroid) of adults and for remission induction in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children and adults.
- Health Effects: Antibiotic resistance. Toxic manifestations of Daunorubicin include bone marrow depression, stomatitis, alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dermatological manifestations. Cardiac toxicity is a pecular effect. (A723)
- Symptoms: symptoms include gastrointestinal disturbances. (A723)
- Treatment: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine. (A704)
- Route of Exposure: Intravenous
Toxicity
- Carcinogenicity: 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)
- Toxicity: LD50=20 mg/kg (mice, IV); LD50=13 mg/kg (rat, IV)
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha DNA topoisomerase 2-beta DNA 72 kDa type IV collagenase Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 |
12134946 6380596 1963303 1322986 |
|
Multidrug resistance protein 1 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 |
Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes. |
10917554 10026252 10354400 10188979 10729360 8621644 9188796 10050713 10708754 12134945 10346910 10342576 10917553 |