Definition
Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
Description
Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia. Its side effect, alopecia, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism: Metabolism and activation occurs at the liver. 75% of the drug is activated by cytochrome P450 isoforms, CYP2A6, 2B6, 3A4, 3A5, 2C9, 2C18, and 2C19. The CYP2B6 isoform is the enzyme with the highest 4-hydroxylase activity. Cyclophosphamide undergoes activation to eventually form active metabolites, phosphoramide mustard and acrolein. Cyclophosphamide appears to induce its own metabolism which results in an overall increase in clearance, increased formation of 4-hydroxyl metabolites, and shortened t1/2 values following repeated administration. Route of Elimination: Cyclophosphamide is eliminated primarily in the form of metabolites. 10-20% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 4% is excreted in the bile following IV administration. Half Life: 3-12 hours
- Uses/Sources: Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of malignant lymphomas, multiple myeloma, leukemias, mycosis fungoides (advanced disease), neuroblastoma (disseminated disease), adenocarcinoma of the ovary, retinoblastoma, and carcinoma of the breast. It is also indicated for the treatment of biopsy-proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients.
- Symptoms: Adverse reactions reported most often include neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fever, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Route of Exposure: After oral administration, peak concentrations occur at one hour.
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
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Estrogen receptor DNA |
23611293 17139284 17893968 17016423 17904265 17922622 |