Definition
One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.
Description
Bromazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is one of the benzodiazepines that is used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. [PubChem] It is a Schedule IV drug in the U.S. and Canada and under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.Bromazepam binds to the GABA receptor GABAA, causing a conformational change and increasing inhibitory effects of GABA. Other neurotransmitters are not influenced.
Top Gene Interactions
General Information
- Metabolism: Hepatically, via oxidative pathways (via an enzyme belonging to the Cytochrome P450 family of enzymes). One of the main metabolites is 3-hydroxybromazepam. It is pharmacologically active and the half life is similar to that of the parent compound. Route of Elimination: Urine (69%), as metabolites Half Life: 10-20 hours
- Uses/Sources: For the short-term treatment of insomnia, short-term treatment of anxiety or panic attacks, if a benzodiazepine is required, and the alleviation of the symptoms of alcohol- and opiate-withdrawal.
- Health Effects: They cause slurred speech, disorientation and "drunken" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive.
- Treatment: General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended.
- Route of Exposure: Bioavailability is 84% following oral administration. The time to peak plasma level is 1 - 4 hours. Bromazepam is generally well absorbed after oral administration.
Mechanism of Action
Bromazepam Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Endometriosis | 7.08 |
|
Obesity | 6.4 |
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Marijuana dependence | 5.18 |
|
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant | 5.07 |
|
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent | 4.94 |
|
Muscle Spasticity | 4.88 |
|
Disorders of Sex Development | 4.73 |
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma | 4.71 |
|
Huntington Disease | 4.69 |
|
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe | 4.64 |
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Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental | 4.55 |
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Multiple sclerosis | 4.45 |
|
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 4.31 |
|
Pancreatitis | 4.18 |
|
Endometrial neoplasm | 4.14 |
|
Hypothermia | 4.0 |
|
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3.94 |
|
Pancreatic carcinoma | 3.92 |
|
Drug dependence | 3.85 |
|
Anxiety disorder | 3.83 |
|