Definition
A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Constit. of jasmine and other ethereal oils, both free and as esters. Also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage. Flavouring ingredient Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. (Wikipedia)
Description
2,3-Dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate is a carbamate pesticide. 2,3-Dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate is a carbamate pesticide, derived from carbamic acid and killing insects in a similar fashion to organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795)
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Benzyl Alcohol Health Effects
General Information
- Metabolism: The carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver; degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver. (L793)
- Uses/Sources: 2,3-Dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate is widely used as an insecticide or pesticide in homes, gardens and agricultural applications. It is a synthetic compound.
- Health Effects: Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
- Symptoms: As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
- Treatment: If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.
- Route of Exposure: Inhalation (L793) ; oral (L793); dermal (L793)
Benzyl Alcohol Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Hepatitis C | 9.45 |
|
Cardiac hypertrophy | 6.88 |
|
Adenocarcinoma | 6.57 |
|
Drug-induced liver injury | 6.2 |
|
Coumarin Resistance | 5.96 |
|
Opisthorchiasis | 5.76 |
|
Lung Neoplasms | 5.75 |
|
Carcinoma, Large Cell | 5.5 |
|
Liver Diseases, Parasitic | 5.41 |
|
TOBACCO ADDICTION, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO | 5.33 |
|
Pulmonary Emphysema | 5.24 |
|
Carcinoma, Small Cell | 5.21 |
|
Nasopharyngeal neoplasm | 5.21 |
|
Prostatic Neoplasms | 5.17 |
|
Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental | 5.02 |
|
Necrosis | 4.95 |
|
Diabetes Complications | 4.81 |
|
Nicotine dependence | 4.8 |
|
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis | 4.62 |
|
Fatty Liver, Alcoholic | 4.55 |
|