Definition
An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.
Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and l-hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. Adequate doses of atropine abolish various types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. Atropine may also lessen the degree of partial heart block when vagal activity is an etiologic factor. Atropine in clinical doses counteracts the peripheral dilatation and abrupt decrease in blood pressure produced by choline esters. However, when given by itself, atropine does not exert a striking or uniform effect on blood vessels or blood pressure.
Description
Hyoscyamine is a plant toxin found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). It is used as a drug to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in palliative care.(L1255)
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
Atropine Health Effects
- Allergenic
- Analgesic
- Anesthetic
- Anhydrotic
- Anti anoxic
- Anti arrhythmic
- Anti asthmatic
- Anti bradycardic
- Anti cholinergic
- Antidote
- Anti emetic
- Anti emphysemic
- Anti enuretic
- Anti herpetic
- Anti Parkinsonian
- Anti peristaltic
- Anti perspirant
- Anti pertussic
- Anti polio
- Anti sialogogue
- Anti spasmodic
- Anti ulcer
- Anti uveitic
- Anti vertigo
- Anti viral
- Bronchodilator
- Choleretic
- Central nervous system depressant
- Central nervous system stimulant
- Hyperpyrexic
- Insecticide
- Mydriatic
- Neurotoxic
- Paralytic
- Pesticide
- Psychotomimetic
- Tachycardic
- Transdermal
- Tumorigenic
- Vasodilator
- Anti iritic
- Anti muscarinic
- Myorelaxant
General Information
- Uses/Sources: Hyoscyamine is a plant toxin found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), and deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). It is used as a drug to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in palliative care.(L1255)
- Health Effects: Hyoscyamine affects the central nervous system. (L1255)
- Symptoms: Side effects of hyoscyamine include dry mouth and throat, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, and faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, sexual arousal, short-term memory loss, and possible coma in extreme cases. (L1255)
- Route of Exposure: Oral (ingestion) (L1817) ; dermal (L1817)
Mechanism of Action
Target Name | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 |
15081878 |
|
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 |
Hyoscyamine is an anticholinergic, specifically an antimuscarinic, and works by blocking the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the central nervous system. (L1255) |
16709648 15140916 |
Atropine Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Reperfusion Injury | 38.9 |
|
Brain Ischemia | 34.77 |
|
Trigeminal Neuralgia | 32.47 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 31.73 |
|
Lung Neoplasms | 31.26 |
|
Colonic neoplasm | 27.23 |
|
Breast carcinoma | 26.39 |
|
Hernia, Diaphragmatic | 26.05 |
|
Hypertension | 24.23 |
|
Burns | 22.94 |
|
Prostatic Neoplasms | 22.71 |
|
Cardiomyopathies | 22.16 |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 22.05 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 21.85 |
|
Neoplasm Invasiveness | 21.84 |
|
Inflammation | 21.36 |
|
Hyperalgesia | 20.89 |
|
Heat Stroke | 20.76 |
|
Obesity | 20.52 |
|
Ulcerative colitis | 20.46 |
|