Definition
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed) Has been used as a food preservative since antiquity. Used in - and contributes to - the flavour of pickles, sauces, mayonnaise and salad dressings. Acts synergistically with lactic and sorbic acid, and is more effective against yeasts and bacteria than against moulds. Used in food processing as a flavour enhancer, flavouring agent, pH control agent, pickling agent, solvent and formulation aid Acetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH. It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. As the main component of vinegar, it has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. (Wikipedia) Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid (CH3CO2H) and water. The acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. Vinegar is now mainly used as a cooking ingredient, but historically, as the most easily available mild acid, it had a great variety of industrial, medical, and domestic uses, some of which (such as a general household cleanser) are still promoted today. Commercial vinegar is produced either by fast or slow fermentation processes. In general, slow methods are used with traditional vinegars, and fermentation proceeds slowly over the course of weeks or months. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria. Fast methods add mother of vinegar to the source liquid before adding air using a venturi pump system or a turbine to promote oxygenation to obtain the fastest fermentation. In fast production processes, vinegar may be produced in a period ranging from 20 hours to three days.
Description
Manganese triacetate is a chemical compound of manganese. Manganese is a naturally occurring metal with the symbol Mn and the atomic number 25. It does not occur naturally in its pure form, but is found in many types of rocks in combination with other substances such as oxygen, sulfur, or chlorine. Manganese occurs naturally in most foods and small amounts are needed to stay healthy, as manganese ions act as cofactors for a number of enzymes. (L228, L229)
Top Gene Interactions
Related Pathways
General Information
- Metabolism:
Manganese is absorbed mainly via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese is capable of existing in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. (L228)
- Health Effects: Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)
- Symptoms:
Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)
- Route of Exposure:
Oral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)
Apple Cider Vinegar (Acetic Acid) Interacts with Diseases
Disease | Inference Score | References/Inference Genes |
Lung Neoplasms | 35.54 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Reperfusion Injury | 34.51 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 33.94 | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 33.43 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Autism | 32.26 | |
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis | 31.37 | |
Neoplasm Invasiveness | 29.78 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Brain Ischemia | 29.46 | |
Hernia, Diaphragmatic | 29.36 | |
Stomach Neoplasms | 28.76 | |
Breast carcinoma | 26.66 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Burns | 25.42 | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 24.48 | |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 24.25 |
References/Inference Genes
|
Colitis | 22.34 | |
Oral Submucous Fibrosis | 22.15 |
|
Radiation Injuries, Experimental | 22.14 |
|
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic | 21.91 | |
Neoplasm Metastasis | 21.91 | |
Arthritis, Experimental | 21.85 |